The Dilemma Essay Example for Free

The Dilemma Essay The dilemma that Ms. Lee faces is not easy to resolve. There are various factors to consider in determining what the best action to take is. This is the primary point of contention in the scenario? Ms. Lee faces the question of what is the morally and ethically sound decision to make. The choice that Ms. Lee would make would determine whether Rose lives or dies. This is indeed a major ethical dilemma. Are certain instructions enough to validate the loss of a child’s life? This Ms. Lee must make choose between two options. The first option is to honor Rose’s parent’s request that Rose would not be resuscitated in the event of a seizure. The other is for Ms. Lee to provide medical assistance to Rose despite of the parents’ orders. Each of the choices presents certain principles that need to be taken into consideration. Ms. Lee’s first option is to follow the instructions of Rose’s parents. This option would mean that Ms. Lee would go against her own principle and belief that every child has the right to live a full life regardless of any disability. Moreover, such move will go against the institution’s policy that medical assistance must be provided to any child whenever necessary and possible. The other option for Ms. Lee is to provide Rose with CPR. However, such course of action will go against the specific instructions that Rose’s parents gave. In fact, Rose’s parents submitted a formal notice to the principal of the school informing them of such decision. By giving Rose CPR, Ms. Lee will disobey the orders stated in the formal notice. Furthermore, Ms. Lee may also cause further problems for Rose’s parents who are having a difficult time making ends meet and providing for their other children. The dilemma is a case of what ethical reasoning to follow. The solution to the case will depend on what type of ethics is to be applied. The following section will discuss to possible schools of ethics that maybe applied in determining the solution to Ms. Lee’s dilemma. Consequentialism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consequentialism is a group of moral theories that consider only the consequences of actions. Although consequentialism can be applied at various levels, the most prominent use of such normative properties is to determine how morally right the act is. What this means is that consequetialism is usually applied to cases wherein the morality of a certain action is being considered. Furthermore, consequentialism suggests that the moral status of a certain act is dependent on the goodness or badness of the consequences of the action. According to Fesser (), a consequentialist believes that, â€Å"An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable.† There are several ethical theories that fall under the consequentialist approach. One of such theories is ulitarianism. This type of consequentialism suggests that decisions should be made by using a cost-benefit analysis. Furthermore, an important principle of utilitarianism is that the action must be beneficial to everyone or to the majority. According to Carter (2002): A commonly accepted utilitarian calculus for determining an action’s moral acceptability is; â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number.† Thus, a consequentialist would typically attempt to calculate the consequences or outcome of a decision and if the benefits of the outcome are outweighed by the risks of either not performing the action or performing some other action, then the action is considered as morally desirable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When these principles are applied to Ms. Lee’s dilemma, it is evident that Ms. Lee must choose to follow the order of Rose’s parents. Weighing the benefits of choosing to follow the instructions against the risks of doing so will reveal that more people will benefit from the decision. Since Rose’s parents have admitted that they are struggling to continue to provide their children with their needs, following their instructions will allow Rose’s parents to provide a better life for all their other children. Following the formula suggested by Carter (2002), â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number,† Ms. Lee will be led to a decision where she must abide by the instructions of Rose’s parents for such move will benefit a greater number of people. Virtue Ethics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another type or form of normative ethics is virtue ethics. This form of ethics places emphasis on the virtues or moral character of the person. Applying virtue ethics will mean that every action must be analyzed on the basis of what virtue will result from it.   Moreover, virtue ethics requires an individual to answer the question, â€Å"how should I live?† The answer to such question is that one must live with a virtuous character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Character is a vital concept in virtue ethics. The concept of character in virtue ethics is based on Aristotlean character. Athanassoulis (2006) states:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Aristotelian character is, importantly, about a state of being. Its about having the appropriate inner states†¦ Aristotelian theory is a theory of action, since having the virtuous inner dispositions will also involve being moved to act in accordance with them. Realizing that kindness is the appropriate response to a situation and feeling appropriately kindly disposed will also lead to a corresponding attempt to act kindly.† Also, virtue ethics suggests that character traits are stable and fixed. Meaning, when a person possesses a certain trait, he is expected to demonstrate such trait in all scenarios even there are times that he will find it difficult to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When applied to resolution of Ms. Lee’s ethical dilemma, one must consider the character traits that she possesses. Ms. Lee is known to be compassionate and caring especially to young children. Thus, when she sees a child or person in need, she provides assistance in any way possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way to resolve the issue is for Ms. Lee to maintain her compassionate nature as prescribed by virtue ethics. Although it may be difficult to do so, owing to the fact that standing orders have been made not to resuscitate Rose, Ms. Lee is still expected to apply compassion since it is in her character. Moreover, one can view the situation from the perspective that one is ought to live compassionately which would mean that Ms. Lee ought to provide medical assistance to Rose when she needs it. It is deemed to be virtuously wrong for Ms. Lee to leave Rose be as it is not the way that Ms. Lee should live her life. Resolution of the Dilemma   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that in Ms. Lee’s case, virtue and character must prevail over consequences. It is my personal belief that much of what is ethically correct is based on the virtues and traits that one exercises when acting or deciding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Ms. Lee, I believe that even before the event occurred, she already knew how she wanted to live her life. It is the same reason why she believed that every child, regardless of disability, has the right to live a full life. Such belief of hers demonstrates her character and virtue of being compassionate. Moreover, her decision to work in an SSP school shows that she wants to live a life of compassion especially for children who have special needs. Thus, it is expected that she continues to demonstrate such character trait despite the difficulty of the circumstance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using virtue ethics as the basis of the resolution, I find that I am more inclined to helping Rose despite the â€Å"do not resuscitate† orders of her parents. Just watching someone die is not the way one should live her life. Watching Rose lie helplessly on the floor does not show compassion. It is in helping Rose that Ms. Lee would live a virtuous life, a life of compassion and service to others. Reference: Athanassoulis, N. (2006). â€Å"Virtue Ethics.† The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 18 June 2007 from: http://www.iep.utm.edu/v/virtue.htm#SH3c. Carter, L. (2002). A primer to ethical analysis. Office of Public Policy and Ethics Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia. Retrieved 18 June 2007 from: http://www.uq.edu.au/oppe. Fieser, J. (2006). â€Å"Ethics.† The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 18 June 2007 from: http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/ethics.htm. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2007). Consequentialism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 18 June 2007 from: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2007/entries/consequentialism/.

Data Mining Analysis in the Telecommunications Industry

Data Mining Analysis in the Telecommunications Industry Abstract The broadcast communications industry was one of the first to receive information mining innovation. This is in all probability since media transmission organizations routinely produce whats more, store tremendous measures of amazing information, have a vast client base, and work in a quickly changing and exceptionally focused environment. Media transmission organizations use information mining to enhance their showcasing endeavors, distinguish extortion, and better deal with their media transmission systems. These frameworks were produced to address the intricacy related with keeping up a gigantic system foundation and the need to amplify organizes unwavering quality while limiting work costs. The issue with these master frameworks is that they are costly to create on the grounds that it is both troublesome and tedious to evoke the essential space information from specialists. Information mining can be seen as methods of consequently producing some of this information straightforwar dly from the information. Keywords: Data Mining, telecommunication, fraud detection The telecommunication industry was one of the first to get data mining development. This is more likely than not since media transmission associations routinely create besides, enormous measures of astounding data, have an inconceivable customer base, and work in a rapidly changing and extraordinarily engaged environment. Media transmission associations utilize data mining to improve their displaying attempts, recognize blackmail, and better manage their media transmission frameworks. Regardless, these associations moreover go up against different data mining challenges in light of the monster size of their enlightening accumulations, the progressive and brief parts of their data, and the need to anticipate to a great degree extraordinary event, for instance, customer coercion and framework frustrations-logically. The universality of data mining in the communicate correspondences industry can be viewed as an enlargement of the use of ace systems in the communicate correspondences ind ustry. These systems were created to address the multifaceted nature related with keeping up a tremendous framework establishment and the needs to increase compose resolute quality while constraining work costs. The issue with these ace systems is that they are expensive to make in light of the fact that it is both troublesome and monotonous to bring out the fundamental space data from masters. Data mining can be viewed as strategies of thusly creating some of this data clearly from the data. The data mining applications for any industry depend on two elements: the information that are accessible and the business issues confronting the business. This area gives foundation data about the information kept up by broadcast communications organizations. The difficulties related with mining media transmission information are moreover portrayed in this area. Media transmission organizations keep up information about the telephone calls that navigate their systems as call detail records, which contain illustrative data for each telephone call. In 2001, ATT long separation clients produced more than 300 million call detail records every day (Cortes and Pregibon, 2001) and, in light of the fact that call detail records are kept online for a while, this implied that billions of call detail records were promptly accessible for information mining. Call detail information is valuable for promoting and extortion recognition applications. Media transmission associations furthermore keep up expansive customer information, for instance, charging information, whats more, moreover information got from outside social affairs, for instance, FICO rating information. This information can be extremely useful and every now and again is solidified with media transmission specific data to upgrade the results of data mining. For example, while call detail data can be used to perceive suspicious calling outlines, a customers FICO evaluation is every now and again solidified into the examination before choosing the likelihood that deception is truly happening. Media interchanges associations moreover create and store an expansive measure of data related to the operation of their frameworks. This is in light of the fact that the framework segments in these broad media transmission frameworks have some self-symptomatic limits that permit them to make both status and ready messages. These surges of messages can be mined remembering the ultimate objective to reinforce sort out organization limits, particularly accuse control besides. Another issue emerges on the grounds that a great part of the media communications information is created continuously and numerous media transmission applications, for example, misrepresentation distinguishing proof whats more, system blame recognition, need to work in constant. As a result of its endeavors to address this issue, the broadcast communications industry has been a pioneer in the examination zone of mining information streams (Aggarwal, 2007). One approach to deal with information streams is to keep up a mark of the information, which is a rundown portrayal of the information that can be upgraded rapidly and incrementally. Cortes and Pregibon (2001) created signature-based techniques and connected them to information surges of call detail records. A last issue with media transmission information whats more, the related applications includes irregularity. For case, both media transmission misrepresentation and system gear disappointments are moderately uncommon. Various information mining applications have been sent in the media communications industry. In any case, most applications can be categorized as one of the accompanying three classes: showcasing, misrepresentation identification, and system blame detachment and forecast. Telecommunications Marketing: Media transmission associations keep up a monstrous measure of information about their customers and, due to a to an incredible degree forceful environment, have remarkable motivation for abusing this information. For these reasons the media correspondences industry has been a pioneer in the use of data mining to perceive customers, hold customers, and extend the advantage got from each customer. Perhaps the most praised usage of data mining to get new media interchanges customers was MCIs Friends and Family program. This program, since quite a while prior surrendered, began in the wake of exhibiting pros perceived various little yet all around related sub graphs in the graphs of calling activity. By offering diminished rates to customers in ones calling circle, this promoting system enabled the association to use their own specific customers as sales representatives. This work can be seen as an early use of casual group examination and association mining. A later case uses the parti cipations between customers to perceive those customers obligated to grasp new media transmission organizations (Hill, Official and Volinsky, 2006). A more standard approach incorporates making customer profiles (i.e., marks) from call detail records and a short time later mining these profiles for exhibiting purposes. This approach has been used to perceive whether a phone line is being used for voice then again fax and to aggregate a phone line as having a place with an either business or private customer. Over the span of late years, the highlight of exhibiting applications in the communicate correspondences industry has moved from recognizing new customers to measuring customer regard and after that figuring out how to hold the most gainful customers. This move has occurred in light of the way that it is fundamentally more exorbitant to secure new media transmission customers than hold existing ones. Along these lines it is useful to know the total lifetime estimation of a custo mer, which is the total net pay an association can expect from that customer after some time. An arrangement of data mining techniques is being used to model customer lifetime regard for media transmission customers. Telecommunications Fraud Detection: Misrepresentation is intense issue for media transmission organizations, bringing about billions of dollars of lost income every year. Misrepresentation can be partitioned into two classes: membership misrepresentation and superimposition misrepresentation. Membership misrepresentation happens when a client opens a record with the goal of never paying the record and superimposition misrepresentation happens when a culprit increases unlawful access to the record of a true blue client. In this last case, the deceitful conduct will frequently happen in parallel with true blue client conduct (i.e., is superimposed on it). Superimposition extortion has been an a great deal more noteworthy issue for media transmission organizations than membership extortion. In a perfect world, both membership extortion and superimposition misrepresentation ought to be recognized instantly and the related client account deactivated or suspended. In any case, since it is regularly hard to recognize real and unlawful use with restricted information, it is not generally attainable to identify extortion when it starts. This issue is aggravated by the way that there are considerable expenses related with researching extortion, and expenses if use is erroneously named false (e.g., an irritated client). The most well-known system for distinguishing superimposition misrepresentation is to think about the clients present calling conduct with a profile of his past use, utilizing deviation identification and peculiarity location systems. The profile must have the capacity to be immediately upgraded in light of the fact that of the volume of call detail records and the need to distinguish misrepresentation in an opportune way. Cortes and Pregibon (2001) produced a mark from an information stream of call-detail records to succinctly portray the calling conduct of clients and afterward they utilized oddity recognition to measure the oddity of another call in respect to a specific record. Because new conduct does not really suggest misrepresentation, this fundamental approach was enlarged by contrasting the new calling conduct to profiles of non-specific misrepresentation-and extortion is as it were flagged if the conduct matches one of these profiles. Client level information can likewise help in distinguishing misrepresentation. For instance, value plan and FICO assessment data can be consolidated into the extortion examination. Later work utilizing marks has utilized element bunching and deviation recognition to distinguish extortion (Alves et al., 2006). In this work, every mark was put inside a bunch and an adjustment in group enrollment was seen as a potential marker of misrepresentation. There are a few strategies for recognizing misrepresentation that try not to include looking at new conduct against a profile of old conduct. Culprits of misrepresentation infrequently work alone. For instance, culprits of misrepresentation frequently go about as dealers and offer illegal administrations to others-and the illicit purchasers will regularly utilize distinctive records to call a similar telephone number over and over. Cortes and Pregibon (2001) abused this conduct by perceiving that specific telephone numbers are over and over called from traded off records and th at calls to these numbers are a solid marker that the present record may be traded off. A last strategy for recognizing misrepresentation misuses human example acknowledgment abilities. Cox, Eick and Wills (1997) manufactured a suite of apparatuses for envisioning information that was customized to show calling action in such a way that abnormal examples are effortlessly recognized by clients. These instruments were then used to recognize universal calling misrepresentation. Checking and keeping up media transmission systems is a critical undertaking. As these systems got to be progressively unpredictable, master frameworks were produced to deal with the cautions produced by the system components. Be that as it may, on the grounds that these frameworks are costly to create and keep current, information mining applications have been created to recognize also, anticipate arrange flaws. Blame distinguishing proof can be very troublesome in light of the fact that a solitary blame may bring about a course of alerts-a number of which are not related with the underlying driver of the issue. Subsequently a vital some portion of blame recognizable proof is alert connection, which empowers various alerts to be perceived as being identified with a solitary blame. The Telecommunication Alarm Sequence Analyzer (TASA) is an information mining apparatus that guides with blame recognizable proof by searching for as often as possible happening worldly examples of cautions. Designs recognized by this instrument were then used to help build an administer based caution connection framework. Another exertion, used to foresee media transmission switch disappointments, utilized a hereditary calculation to mine chronicled caution logs searching for prescient consecutive furthermore, fleeting examples (Weiss and Hirsh, 1998). One confinement with the methodologies simply portrayed is that they overlook the basic data about the fundamental arrange. The nature of the mined groupings can be enhanced if topological closeness requirements are considered in the information mining process or if substructures in the media transmission information can be distinguished and abused to permit less complex, more valuable, examples to be scholarly (Baritchi, Cook, and La wrence, 2000). Another approach is to utilize Bayesian Belief Networks to distinguish issues, since they can reason about circumstances and end results. Information mining ought to play a vital and expanding part in the broadcast communications industry due to the lot of top notch information accessible, the aggressive nature of the business and the advances being made in information mining. Specifically, progresses in mining information streams, mining successive and fleeting information, whats more, foreseeing/ordering uncommon occasions ought to profit the media communications industry. As these and other advances are made, more dependence will be put on the information procured through information mining and less on the information procured through the time-serious process of inspiring area learning from specialists-in spite of the fact that we expect human specialists will keep on playing an critical part for quite a while to come. Changes in the way of the media communications industry will likewise prompt to the advancement of new applications also, the destruction of some present applications. For instance, the fundamental us e of extortion location in the broadcast communications industry used to be in cell cloning extortion, however this is not true anymore on the grounds that the issue has been generally disposed of because of innovative propels in the PDA confirmation handle. It is hard to foresee what future changes will confront the media communications industry, however as telecom organizations begin giving TV administration to the home and more advanced phone administrations turned out to be accessible (e.g., music, video, and so on.), it is clear that new information mining applications, for example, recommender frameworks, will be created and conveyed. Sadly, there is likewise one upsetting pattern that has created as of late. This worries the expanding conviction that U.S. media transmission organizations are too promptly offering client records to legislative offices. This worry emerged in 2006 due to disclosures-made open in various daily paper and magazine articles-that media communications organizations were turning over data on calling examples to the National Security Agency (NSA) for motivations behind information mining. In the event that this worry proceeds to develop unchecked, it could prompt to limitations that farthest point the utilization of information digging for true blue purposes. The media communications industry has been one of the early adopters of information mining and has sent various information mining applications. The essential applications identify with showcasing, extortion discovery, and system checking. Information mining in the media communications industry confronts a few difficulties, because of the measure of the informational collections, the successive and fleeting nature of the information, and the constant prerequisites of a large number of the applications. New techniques have been produced and existing techniques have been upgraded to react to these difficulties. The focused and changing nature of the business, joined with the way that the business produces colossal measures of information, guarantees that information mining will assume an essential part later on of the media communications industry. References [1] Rosset, S., Neumann, E., Eick, U., Vatnik (2003). Client generation value models for decision support. Data Mining and Information Innovation, 7(3), 321- 339. [2] Winter Corporation (2003). 2003 Top 10 Award Winners. Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.wintercorp.com/VLDB/2003_TopTen_Survey/TopTenwinners.asp [3] Fawcett, T., Provost, F. (2002). Fraud Uncovering. In W. Klosgen J. Zytkow (Eds.), Handbook of Data Mining and Information Sighting (pp. 726-731). New York: Oxford University Press. [4] Mozer, M., Wolniewicz, R., Grimes, D., Johnson, E., Kaushansky, H. (2000). Forecasting subscriber displeasure and improving retention in the wireless telecommunication industry. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 11, 690-696. [5] Weiss, G., Ros, J., Singhal, A. (1998). ANSWER: Network monitoring using object-oriented rule. Records of the Tenth Conference on Ground-breaking Applications of Artificial Intelligence (pp. 1087-1093). Menlo Park: AAAI Press. [6] Alves, R., Ferreira, P., Belo, O., Lopes, J., Ribeiro, J., Cortesao, L., Martins, F. (2006). Determining telecom fraud circumstances through mining unpredictable behavior patterns. Records of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Data Mining for Business Applications (pp. 1-7). New York: ACM Press. [7] Kaplan, H., Strauss, M., Szegedy, M. (1999). Just the fax-discriminating voice and fax phone lines using call billing data. Reports of the Tenth Annual ACM-SIAM Convention on Distinct Algorithms (pp. 935-936). Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. [8] Baritchi, A., Cook, D., Holder, L. (2000). Determining organizational patterns in broadcastings data. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Florida AI Research Symposium (pp. 82-85).

Riding The Train Essay -- essays research papers

Riding the Train (Description Essay ENC1101) Anytime a person experiences something for the first time, that experience can reside in their mind forever. Their first kiss, first love, and first look at the sunrise may permanently float among their cherished memories. My mind contains many of these memories. Although my first train ride occurred over 15 years ago, I still recall every wonderful detail from preparing for the trip to discovering the inside of the train and the beautiful five hour ride.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a breezy day in the summer of 1985 and after spending a week visiting my grandparent’s home in Sebring, Florida, I prepared for my first train ride home. Recalling many old movies I’ve watched with tearful lovers embracing on rain-soaked platforms, I carefully chose my train-riding outfit: a simple, tailored white dress, a pair of lace gloves reaching only to my wrists and a braided straw hat complete with a thick red sash tied neatly around the crown with an exploding bow draping down behind me. I settled into the back of my grandfathers Cadillac and my mind filled with visions of how my first train ride would be. Arriving at the station, I tearfully kissed my grandparents goodbye a bit more dramatically than necessary. As I strolled confidently towards the train platform, I felt like Audrey Hepburn or Ingrid Bergman and was quite certain many eyes rested upon my grace and followed me through the crowded terminal. Pushing open the heavy glas. ..

Cuban Film Industry Essay examples -- Cuba Movies Films Cinema Essays

Cuban Film Industry Bennito Mussolini constructed Cinecitta in 1938, the most significant film studio in Europe. Stalin had hi own Private projection. Juan Peron and Mao Zedong shared the fascination, they both married actresses. Francisco Franco was said to have a fantasy of being a movie writer. The leader of the Cuban Revolution follows their footsteps. In 1979 he created, ?The International Film Festival of Havana? and also inaugurates a school for the Cuban youth to follow on their prestigious film makers rule of the screen. The Cuban revolution had a great impact on future Cuban filmmakers and the Cuban film industry. Before the revolution, during Batista?s dictatorship, cinema only existed in the capital and major cities; only Hollywood videos would be shown. When Fidel Castro took over the filmmaker?s goal was to create democracy in the production and distribution of films. Their desire to acquire films from all over the world almost exceded their patriotism. Cuba developed mobile cinemas for the rural areas. Since the revolution it has been possible to create a film industry in Cuba although the fight to show the industry view of the revolution has been hard. Unfortunately there are limitations to money so productions have decreased. This creates a problem for the younger generation who are struggling to become film makers. Now a days its almost impossible to create a film without co-producing it with another country. Other problems exist for example, in Cuba there is a shortage in gasoline, gas is r eceived from other countries to film motion films. From the very beginning the cinema was the only sector of Cuban society openly in the hands of the communists, and they control each and every piece of film shown in the... ... of independent directors and producers? For Cubans the art of movie making is truly an art. Their desire is more to entertain the public than to make money . The war against capitalism is very notable in Cubans, sometimes there is just too much pride to admit that one is wrong. But when Cubans are all that Cubans have, pride might be the only thing to protect them from the outside world. Films are a part of Cuba, the youth is a part of Cuba, ?machismo? is a part of Cuba. All these little pieces integrate to form a great country which fights to entertain their people without betraying their leader and Cuba Bibliography 1.http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/ a. Copyright 1995 UNESCO (France) b. Copyright 1991 The Economist Newspaper Ltd. c. Copyright 1988 The New Republic Inc. 2.http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/classes/mc166k/espinoza.html Cuban Film Industry Essay examples -- Cuba Movies Films Cinema Essays Cuban Film Industry Bennito Mussolini constructed Cinecitta in 1938, the most significant film studio in Europe. Stalin had hi own Private projection. Juan Peron and Mao Zedong shared the fascination, they both married actresses. Francisco Franco was said to have a fantasy of being a movie writer. The leader of the Cuban Revolution follows their footsteps. In 1979 he created, ?The International Film Festival of Havana? and also inaugurates a school for the Cuban youth to follow on their prestigious film makers rule of the screen. The Cuban revolution had a great impact on future Cuban filmmakers and the Cuban film industry. Before the revolution, during Batista?s dictatorship, cinema only existed in the capital and major cities; only Hollywood videos would be shown. When Fidel Castro took over the filmmaker?s goal was to create democracy in the production and distribution of films. Their desire to acquire films from all over the world almost exceded their patriotism. Cuba developed mobile cinemas for the rural areas. Since the revolution it has been possible to create a film industry in Cuba although the fight to show the industry view of the revolution has been hard. Unfortunately there are limitations to money so productions have decreased. This creates a problem for the younger generation who are struggling to become film makers. Now a days its almost impossible to create a film without co-producing it with another country. Other problems exist for example, in Cuba there is a shortage in gasoline, gas is r eceived from other countries to film motion films. From the very beginning the cinema was the only sector of Cuban society openly in the hands of the communists, and they control each and every piece of film shown in the... ... of independent directors and producers? For Cubans the art of movie making is truly an art. Their desire is more to entertain the public than to make money . The war against capitalism is very notable in Cubans, sometimes there is just too much pride to admit that one is wrong. But when Cubans are all that Cubans have, pride might be the only thing to protect them from the outside world. Films are a part of Cuba, the youth is a part of Cuba, ?machismo? is a part of Cuba. All these little pieces integrate to form a great country which fights to entertain their people without betraying their leader and Cuba Bibliography 1.http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/ a. Copyright 1995 UNESCO (France) b. Copyright 1991 The Economist Newspaper Ltd. c. Copyright 1988 The New Republic Inc. 2.http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/classes/mc166k/espinoza.html

Use of Diction, Imagery and Metaphor in Seamus Heaney’s Poem, Blackberry-Picking ::

Use of Diction, Imagery and Metaphor in Seamus Heaney’s Poem, Blackberry-Picking Seamus Heaney’s poem â€Å"Blackberry-Picking† does not merely describe a child’s summer activity of collecting berries for amusement. Rather, it details a stronger motivation, ruled by a more primal urge, guised as a fanciful experience of childhood and its many lessons. This is shown through Heaney’s use of language in the poem, including vibrant diction, intense imagery and powerful metaphor—an uncommon mix coming from a child’s perspective. Heaney emphasizes the importance of the experience of Blackberry picking by using diction that relates to sensory imagery and human urges. He describes the flesh of the first berry of summer to be â€Å"sweet like a thickened wine† a beverage with a taste that lingers—just as he describes the blackberries to, as they â€Å"Leave stains upon the tongue.† As if the first harkened that the best was yet to come, he jumped at the chance to be drunk on blackberries, for the one taste had left him with a lust and hunger for more. Driven by something deeper than the simple desires of their younger years, they went â€Å"out with milk cans, pea tins, jam pots† without a thought to the many dangers, "the briars that scratched and the wet grass that bleached their boots." And they emerged with berries â€Å"burning† in their containers, their palms sticky as with blood with the reference to Bluebeard when he murdered his wives. Clearly this childhood experienc e is no a mere description of play. The metaphors and diction, especially those which relates to the sense, show that this experience touched the young Heaney at a different level. In the second and last stanza of the poem we are reminded that he was but a child. The thought of losing the berries â€Å"always made him feel like crying† the thought of all that beauty gone so sour in the aftermath of lust. The lack of wisdom in younger years is emphasized by the common childish retort of â€Å"It wasn’t fair.† He kept up the childish hope that this time would be different, that this time the berries would keep and that the lust, work, and pain might not have been in vain, that others would not â€Å"glut† upon what he desired. Use of Diction, Imagery and Metaphor in Seamus Heaney’s Poem, Blackberry-Picking :: Use of Diction, Imagery and Metaphor in Seamus Heaney’s Poem, Blackberry-Picking Seamus Heaney’s poem â€Å"Blackberry-Picking† does not merely describe a child’s summer activity of collecting berries for amusement. Rather, it details a stronger motivation, ruled by a more primal urge, guised as a fanciful experience of childhood and its many lessons. This is shown through Heaney’s use of language in the poem, including vibrant diction, intense imagery and powerful metaphor—an uncommon mix coming from a child’s perspective. Heaney emphasizes the importance of the experience of Blackberry picking by using diction that relates to sensory imagery and human urges. He describes the flesh of the first berry of summer to be â€Å"sweet like a thickened wine† a beverage with a taste that lingers—just as he describes the blackberries to, as they â€Å"Leave stains upon the tongue.† As if the first harkened that the best was yet to come, he jumped at the chance to be drunk on blackberries, for the one taste had left him with a lust and hunger for more. Driven by something deeper than the simple desires of their younger years, they went â€Å"out with milk cans, pea tins, jam pots† without a thought to the many dangers, "the briars that scratched and the wet grass that bleached their boots." And they emerged with berries â€Å"burning† in their containers, their palms sticky as with blood with the reference to Bluebeard when he murdered his wives. Clearly this childhood experienc e is no a mere description of play. The metaphors and diction, especially those which relates to the sense, show that this experience touched the young Heaney at a different level. In the second and last stanza of the poem we are reminded that he was but a child. The thought of losing the berries â€Å"always made him feel like crying† the thought of all that beauty gone so sour in the aftermath of lust. The lack of wisdom in younger years is emphasized by the common childish retort of â€Å"It wasn’t fair.† He kept up the childish hope that this time would be different, that this time the berries would keep and that the lust, work, and pain might not have been in vain, that others would not â€Å"glut† upon what he desired.

“More than our brother is our chastity”. How far do you find yourself able to condone Isabella’s point of view

John 15:13 says: â€Å"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends†. In the traditional Christian Elizabethan society; this sentiment would have been revered; Shakespeare’s Puritanical and Catholic audiences would have loved the ideas of self-sacrifice and the immediate ascension into heaven. However, in Measure for Measure, Shakespeare manages to challenge this verse; he manipulates the situations and then causes the audience to digest the complexity of the verse, and causes the audience to question whether Isabella’s estimation that fornicating to save the life of another is not only morally wrong and a direct rebuttal of Jesus’ sentiment; but a damning sin. Isabella’s introduction into the play arouses intrigue in audiences and readers, as she is described as having a â€Å"speechless dialect/Such as move men†; so it is expected that audiences and readers would be waiting with bated breath fro Isabella to meet Angelo; and Shakespeare does not disappoint. The scene is written in blank verse, with unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter; Isabella first line is not quite metrically even; the word honour cannot be properly stressed, and that falter changes the rhythm of her speech. Her second speech leaves a gap in which Angelo inserts a terse question; almost as if the incomplete pentameter forces Angelo to reply. That first break in rhythm changes the dynamics of Isabelle’s interaction with Angelo. Shakespeare purposefully does this in order to use language and rhythm to convey the intensity of the relationship instantly forged between them; in particular the way the metre swaps between the two speakers. Later in the scene, the roles are reversed. On line 51, the position of the words in the pentameter undermines their stated meaning: while the words themselves speak of a certainty and finality, the rhythm is half-finished; in which Isabella can – metrically must- reopen the argument; although Angelo’s words say there is nor room for argument, he does not, at some level, want to dismiss the argument entirely; The language of the scene shows the extent to which they are aware of each other. So from the beginning of their interaction readers and audiences alike are left to question if this awareness is befitting of a novice nun. Conversely, Isabella may be seen as a model of some aspects of Christian virtue in ‘Measure for Measure', and her opposition to giving up her virginity an extension of her inherent virtue. For instance, in Act 2 Scene 2, Isabella's dialogue with Angelo expresses her quality of mercy, as although Claudio's sexual transgression is â€Å"a vice that I do most abhor†, Isabella argues that Angelo â€Å"might pardon him, / And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy. Furthermore she connects this value directly to God and her religion; â€Å"Why all the souls that were, were forfeit once/ And he that might the vantage best have took/ Found out the remedy. † This opposes Angelo's strict adherence to the secular laws of Vienna. His speeches in this scene make repeated references to his view of the law as immobile, such as â€Å"Your brother is a forfeit of the law/ And you but waste your words. He does not address the moral issues surrounding Claudio's crime, and the dry legal connotations of his language may seem to lack sympathy or mercy; this contrasts with Isabella's emotive language and religious allusions. This juxtaposition may have provided Shakespeare's original audiences with an interesting and current rhetorical debate, as the laws of the church and England's common laws were sometimes distinct and contradictory, causing moral and legal conflict. Moreover, the laws at the time were concerned with principles of justice, but did not often consider mercy, which was thought to be a religious virtue. Therefore, the characters of Isabella and Angelo may be intended to represent the two sides of this debate. Similarly, in John Webster’s ‘The Duchess of Malfi† The Duchess is portrayed as character who breaks the traditional Elizabethan revenge plot by to speak and act with the freedom of normal, albeit impulsive human beings. The Duchess is portrayed as sensual and aware of her sexuality, but is still able to become the embodiment of Christian virtue. In some ways Isabella and the Duchess are strikingly similar, but where The Duchess is overtly sexual, Isabella – like Angelo, has a moral compass that causes her to view situations as either Black or White, with no in-between {Insert quotation here} Isabella may therefore represent the difficulties of being a model of virtue, and of holding strict values of chastity and restraint whilst upholding sometimes contrasting principles of mercy and compassion. These themes would have been relevant in Jacobean society, as puritan values – which Isabella's devotion may represent – were becoming increasingly influential politically and socially, for instance the theatres of the suburbs were at times closed by puritan intervening. Furthermore, the play's genre of problem play allows for moral dilemmas to be raised and viewed from both sides. Therefore although seems to Isabella demonstrate a struggle to become ideally virtuous, it cannot be said definitively whether she succeeds as Angelo brings to light an equally challenging view â€Å"Is there no charity in sin? † However, it could be argued that modern values make it difficult for todays’ audience and readers to full grasp the gravity of Isabella’s situation. A similar story to ‘Measure for Measure’ is outlined in the Elizabethan novella â€Å"Eptia and Juriste† by Giraldi Cintho; in which Juriste is appointed governor of Innsbruck. He sentences a young man Vico to death; and like Angelo, Juriste propositions Epitia for sexual favours in exchange for her brother’s life, hinting that he might even marry her later. Epitia refuses indignantly â€Å"My brother’s life† she says with noble fierceness â€Å"is indeed very dear to me, but my honour is far dearer: my life I would willingly lose to save his, but I will not preserve him with my honour† so it could be argued that dilemma’s like this were popular and scintillating with Elizabethan audiences, as they understood the true depth of both women’s situations. Unfortunately, the representation of Isabella's religious devotion may appear – to some readers and audiences; humorous in its extremes, such as when in Act 1 Scene 4 she wishes for â€Å"a more strict restraint† even than â€Å"the votarists of St Claire†, a Catholic order that Shakespeare's audiences may have recognised as following rigorous rules of poverty. Furthermore, Isabella's devotion to chastity may place her on what seems like a moral highroad unachievable by most, and this may causes an audience to question or disapprove of her character. However, although Isabella's resilient chastity may have therefore seemed virtuous, her direct language: â€Å"Better it were a brother died at once† could seem unsympathetic and her use of the pronoun â€Å"our† in her proclamation â€Å"more than our brother is our chastity† could be seen as unemotional and an attempt to depersonalise he situation; making it harder for audiences and readers alike to empathise with her. Although, the argument of Isabella’s lack of sympathy for Claudio could be countered with her argument that Angelo should put himself in Claudio's place: â€Å"Go to your bosom, / Knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know/ That's like my brother's fault†. ; the emphasis on the shifting pronouns enacts the level of syntax, the act of identification she seeks to prompt. Also, it may be significant that Isabella sticks to her values of chastity even though it involves emotional upheaval, whereas Angelo, when he discovers he is not the legal and moral puritan he had previously thought himself to abandons his values completely and becomes a tyrant, exploiting both the law and the other characters for his own benefit, saying: â€Å"I have begun, /And now I give my sensual race the rein. † So, while Angelo is portrayed as occupying the same if not higher moral ground that Isabella, his fall from grace is well documented and juxtaposed against Isabella – who sometimes unethical but never immoral, it shows that Isabella’s strength lies I her unwavering moral compass, and easily giving over her virtue would be untrue of her character. This is portrays especially well in Act 2 Scene 4, where Angelo asks â€Å"who would believe thee Isabel? â€Å". Here Shakespeare's use of the rhetorical question emphasises Angelo's power over Isabella, in that he is relying on his â€Å"unsoiled name† to protect him from prosecution. The imagery of the â€Å"unsoiled† name implies that Angelo's power stems from his past reputation, in that no one would believe that he would be capable of succumbing to the same weaknesses as other's. This point is mirrored in the â€Å"Duchess of Malfi† in which the Cardinal places his power in his reputation as no one expects him to be a fornicator as his position supposedly attests to his morality. In conclusion, Isabella's conflict in the play has a deep moral centre. She wants to become a nun, but can only save her brother's life by surrendering her chastity to Angelo. When she says, â€Å"More than our brother is our chastity† I believe she is not being cruel or selfish, but trying very hard to adhere to an ingrained sense morality, and unlike many characters in the play, she sticks to her values and her faith; and this might seem foreign even to some Elizabethan audiences, as in some cases, representations of women of this time can be seen as being limited to idolised virgins, or sexual women who were often demonised as whores. So, because Isabella is not a perfect religious ideal, but as a woman with flaws who is placed in a difficult situation, and tries to achieve the best outcome; it is easy to respect her.

International human resources Essay

It is the biggest challenge of companies today to maintain and attract best employees thus the realization in holding trainings and conferences for top executives to level officers is exceedingly in demand. Initiating strategies and solutions regarding employee retention and human resource management keep on going to minimize costs and money. There are many promising solutions in going through a lot of obstacles in human resource recruitment. We may start on some questions that would spark a new beginning: are the employees are given the chance to speak? Are new ideas accepted? Are benefits really beneficial to employees? Does the employees’ opinion count? Are works valued, evaluated and rewarded on their performance? This are simple questions that has an impact to the existing problems in many companies, regardless of size, incorporating other issues like repatriation, better opportunities, poor treatment, differences in culture and disagreement on the direction of the company, lack of recognition, indefinite growth prospects and poor relationship among co-workers. Keeping people and maintaining them for a longer period of time is the most difficult and challenging tasks for all human resources managers nowadays, hopefully, we will answer possible keys and solutions to these burning questions throughout the discussion. Why are people leaving from one company to another? A wide variety of reasons why are people leaving their jobs to find new companies includes: expectations were not satisfactorily fulfilled, unsuitable for the role, do not fit with the company’s culture, insufficient opportunities for growth and development, inadequate acknowledgment and admiration, problems with a manager or supervisor, not satisfied with the compensation, stress, lack of work and life balance, and lack of confidence in the company and leadership (Meyers). According to Susan Heathfield (Heathfield, 2007), most employees are leaving their work for reasons of searching new opportunities with other companies. Three top reasons were identified by Heathfield: fifty three percent of employees look for better rewards and benefits, thirty five percent were discontented with prospects of career growth and development, and thirty two percent were ready for a new experience and new environment. The motivating factors that can enhance the continuous stay of employees were examined by Bob Losyk on his article, here are the different factors that he stated: dignity and respect, involvement and participation, pay above the industry average, showcase superior workers, and by showing support to employees (Losyk). Giving dignity and respect is one of the most important key elements in satisfying the employees, harsh words, shouting, insults, and abuse of power will only result to demoralization, low morale, increase possibilities of absenteeism, and in turn resignation. Losyk added that employers should be treated with high respect, worth and goodness, let them relax, be independent and empowered. Do not crash on people who make mistakes instead make it more constructive and let them learn from it. Involvement and participation is also a significant factor in dealing with employees’ motivation to stay in the company, by listening to their suggestions, aspirations, and ideas can make them more involved and active much as with belongingness and partnership. Paying above the industry average will surely and literally compensate the best employee thus giving and making more money for you. Great employees should be compensated for what they gave back to the company and it should not be as simple as paying back but to reward and constantly recognize their efforts. For sure, companies who have the best employees will have more satisfied clients because of the excellent services they receive and in return a greater chance of repeat business will likely to come. Another tip from Losyk is to highlight and draw attention to outstanding employees by giving awards, certificates, extra remuneration, dinners as well as posting their photos on bulletin boards or company newsletters. To share and show support, to listen and know their personal and family problems can be a key factor for lasting relationship with employees. It will create a positive and motivating atmosphere resulting to a more productive and high-quality employees (Losyk). Increasing demand for immigrant workforce and opportunities abroad: The increasing demand of hiring cross-cultural workforce is a global necessity to respond the needs internationally. But because of the terms and conditions in hiring immigrants, it is very difficult to establish a worthy and constant employee for a particular business due to numerous alternative employment with other companies. To better understand the recruitment, hiring and retaining the best employees especially the immigrants and ethnic workers, it is important that we should consider the culture, traditions, and beliefs, know the different ethnic lifestyles and values, appreciate the impact that the immigrant workforce is influencing the management, and study the fabrications on recruitment of diverse ethnic groups. In addition to Losyk’s article, he stressed that it is significant that companies must understand the needs and desires most Hispanic and Asian workers want from a workplace, discover how to give comment to immigrant employees, determine the critical factors needed to train Asian, Hispanic and other cross-cultural groups, and create management techniques that can work and understand the involvement and recognition with the ethnic groups (Losyk). Further problems encountered by other employers is when their employees who are assigned to work overseas over a period of time will transfer to another companies in a few months to seek greener pastures. These are real and actual happenings in most development organizations when workers or volunteers enter into a contract to gain experience overseas and marked it as a stepping stone to find great opportunities abroad. How can companies and organizations struggle to this concurrent problem? Is this just a cycle to be left out and find new workers to continue the job? Are there any other holistic means that we can manage to surpass this continuing global recruitment problem?